Hair curling apparatus and method



Nov. 11, 1941. A. SCHWAB 2,262,054

HAIR CURLING APPARATUS AND'METHOD Filed July 15, 1939 v 2 Sheets-Sheet 1' Ill/I INVENTOR. A: 6:27 Smwha ATTORNEY.

Nov; 11, 1941 A. SCHWAB 2,262,054 I t HAIR GURLINGYAPPARATUS AND METHOD Filed July 15, 1939 INVENTOR. ALBERT Jams.

' 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 11, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE HAIR CURLING APPARATUS AND METHOD Albert Schwab, Bloomfield, N, 'J., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Clairol, Incorporated, Stamford, Conn, a. corporation of Connecticut Application July 15, 1939, Serial No. 284,590

. Claims. ('01. leek-36) This invention relates to means and a process for forming naturally straight hair into a curly condition directly upon the head of individuals desirous of such transformation. v An object of the invention is to provide an ap pliance for producing a more satisfactory curl than is common, that is wholly complete in itself, requiring no mechanical paraphernalia of a fixed nature, nor the application of heat from an extraneous source.

A further feature is in the provision of a selfcontained heater unit which, upon being moistened, provides the heat necessary to set the curled lock of hair wound thereupon, so that a degree of permanency is attained.

Another purpose is to produce a device, used in conjunction with the curler, whereby the scalp is protected from the heat evolved by the curler unit.

An additional aim is to provide a spring actuated clamp to confine the curling elements when in operative position and which iseasily removable when the operation has been completed without pulling the hair or other discomfort. These and other analogous objects are accomplished by the novel construction, combination and arrangement of simple inexpensive parts and the process hereinafter described and illustrated in the annexed drawings, constituting a comoonent of this disclosure, and in'which:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a combinedheating unit and curl former, made in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the blank from which the former is made.

Figure 3 is a similar view of the same after folding and charging preliminary to rolling.

Figure 4 is a plan View of the coil Wrapper.

Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Figure 4, exaggerated in thickness.

Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the scalp protective and hair clasping device in partially open position, parts broken away to show the structure.

Figure 7 is a similar view of the same but showing the clasp as closed.

Figure 8 is another like view of the clasp when in secured condition.

Figure 9. is a transverse sectional view taken on Figure 11 is a side elevational view of the same.

Figure 12 is an end elevational view thereof.

Figure 13 is a schematic view illustrating the application of the curling devices in position for the initial operation.

Figure 14 is a similar perspective view showing the second stage of operation.

Figure 15 is another like view of the parts shown in Figure 13, as applied.

Figure 16 is a perspective view showing all parts assembled in operative position.

Figure 17 is a transverse sectional view taken on line l'lll of Figure 16.

As shown in the drawings the. appliance comprises three main elements, viz: a former, sometimes called an arbor or mandrel, on which the lock of hair is coiled or wound, and having within itself a heat generating means; second, a combined heat insulator to protect the scalp from anvpossible excess of temperature, and a clasp to contact the hair at its roots; the third element consists of a clamp to retain the curl as coiled upon the former, and also the coverings used to conserve the heat as applied over the curl.

The first element, herein called the former, consists of a sheet of bibulous paper 20, generally an elongated rectangle in profile, having a V shaped notch 2| in one end and weakening score lines 22 spaced uniformly inward of its longer side edge to permit bending the marginal portions 23 upon the main seen in Figure 3.

Applied to this central portion is a chemical composition 24, that when moistened produces heat, up to atemperature of approximately degrees Fahrenheit, but is innocuous when dry, such composition consisting, for instance of a formula including:

Per cent Calcium oxide 30 Magnesium 40 Copper oxide 15 Potassium chlorate 15 However, other preparations of like nature may be substituted, that have a heat producing effect when moistened.

A wire 25 acts as a roller upon which the former, is coiled, the folded edges presented inwardly constituting, in effect, an envelope to retain the dry powder 24, while the notch 2| in the blank aids in the production of a former, shown in Figure 1, having substantially cylindrical ends 26 connected by conically tapering elements 21, thus reducing the cross-sectional area at the center.

The hair clasp, seen in Figures 6 to 9, is composed of a pair of metal bars 30-3l hingedly atcentral portion, as-

tached at one end by a yoke: 32 and, provided at the opposite end of the bar with a pivoted clip 33 carrying a latch 34 suited to engage a projec- The initial application of the curler and former to the hair H and scalp S is clearly indicated in Figure 13, while in Figure-14 the coil is shown completed and about to be wrapped in a sheet of bibulous paper 38 after which an envelope 40 is applied.

The details of this envelope are given in Figures 4 and 5 showing it to consist of an inner absorbent paper fabric 4| and an outer liquidproof cover 42 having between them a filler 43 of chemicals of the same nature as 24, the'envelope being closed at its edges, as at 44.

It will be understood that the former and hair are saturated with water or other preferred liquid just prior to applying the wrapper and en velope, whereupon heat is at once generated by the chemicals; furthermore, the powdered chemicals expand when thus saturated producing additional pressure on the hair of the curl. v 7

Finally a clamp, generally designated by the numeral 45 is applied over the foregoing elements, as shown in Figure 16.

-Details of the clamp are seen in Figures" 10 to 12, in which a pair of light weight metal plates 46-41, preferably aluminum, are disposed in semi-circular formation producing, in effect, jaws to clamp upon the exterior of the envelope 40.

These jaws are provided at their ends with upturned flanges 4849 suited to extend beyond the ends 25 of the former, and at points above the tubular construction of the jaws are pairs of inreachin lugs 50-5! pivoted together by a-pin' 52 encircled by a coil spring 53, its extending ends contacting the inner surfaces of finger grips 54-55 formed by continuations of the central side portions of the plates in a manner which will be well understood.

Having thus described the invention, together with the manner of its application and operation, what is claimed as new and sought to be secured by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a hair curler, a former made from a bibulous paper blank having a central longitudinal V shaped notch in one end, infolded lateral edges doubled over the face of said blank, a roller on which the blank may be coiled, and a chemical composition adapted to evolve heat when moistened disposed in the coils of said former.

2. In a hair curler, a former made from a bibulous paper blank having a central longitudinal V shaped notch in one end, infolded lateral edges doubled over the face of said blank, chemicals distributed in the coils of said former adapted to cause heat when moist, means at the ends of said former to retain the chemicals therewithin,

during the setting means to facilitate coiling the former, and a bibulous paper wrapper enclosing the former.

3. In a hair curler, a former having internal heat producing means operable when moistened, a wrapper thereover, an envelope encompassing said wrapper and former, a pair of spring actuated clamp jaws to grip said envelope adjacent the scalp, said jaws having inreaching end flanges to contact the ends of said former, and manually operable means integral with said jaws to effect their release.

4. In combination, means for applying heat to a coil of hair to impart a permanent wave thereto, comprising a former having an internal heat producing means and about which a lock of hair. is'wound, and a wrapper having heat producing means encompassing the former carrying the wound lock of hair.

5. In combination, means for applying heat to a coil of hair to impart a permanent wave thereto, comprising a former having an internal heat producing means operable when moistened and about which a'lock of hair is wound, and a wrapper havingheat producing means operable when moistened encompassing the former carrying the wound lock of hair.

6. Ina hair curler, a former having internal heat producing means and about which a lock of hair is wound, a wrapper, encompassing said former about which is carried a wound lock of hair, and. having heat producing means, and means for retaining the former and wrapper in operative position when applied.

7. In a hair curler, a former having internal heat producing means operable when moistened and. about which a lock of hair is wound, a wrapper, encompassing said former about which is carried a wound lock of hair, and having heat producing means operable when moistened, and means for retaining the former and wrapper in operative position when applied.

8. The process of hair curling which consists in winding a lock of hair upon a heat producing former, encompassing the former carrying the wound lock, in a heat producing wrapper encompassing the former and applying heat to the lock of hair from respectively the former and the wrapper.

9. The process of hair curling which consists in winding ,a lock of hair upon a former having material carrying heat producing means operable when moistened, a wrapper carrying heat producin means operable when moistened, and moistening the former and wrapper whereby to apply heat to the lock of hair from respectively the former and the wrapper.

ALBERT SCHWAB/ 

